Chapter 3 Life Study Guide

Chapter 3 Study Guide from your book (use this to study along with your homeworks and notes)
Section 1 Chemistry of Life

1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

2. Energy in matter is in the chemical bonds that hold matter together

3. All organic compounds contain the elements hydrogen and carbon. The organic compounds in living things are:
Carbohydrates- for quick energy
Lipids- for energy stores and cell membranes, hydrophobic
Proteins- made of nucleic acids, building blocks of structures, enzymes are proteins that are the catalysts of the body
Nucleic acids- Make up DNA which eventually makes proteins

4. Organic and inorganic compounds are important to living things.

Section 2 Moving cellular materials

1. The selectively permeable cell membrane controls which molecules can pass into and out of the cell.

2. In diffusion, molecules spread out from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. They will do this till they reach equilibrium.

3. Osmosis is just diffusion through a semi-permeable membrane.

4. Cells use energy to move molecules by active transport but do not use energy for passive transport.

Section 3 Energy for Life
1. Photosynthesis is the process by which some producers (plants) change light energy into chemical energy. Carbon dioxide plus water plus light yield glucose plus oxygen.

2. Some one-celled organisms and cells that lack oxygen use fermentation (done without oxygen) to release small amounts of energy from glucose. Wastes like alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid are produced.